Schein proposes a list of issues that systems theory should be considered in the definition of organization:
- The organization must be considered as an open system.
- The organization must be conceived as a system with multiple goals or functions.
- The organization must be viewed as consisting of many subsystems that are in dynamic interaction with each other.
- Being mutually dependent subsystems, a change in one will affect others.
- Organization exists in a dynamic environment that includes other systems.
- The many links between the organization and its environment make it difficult to define the boundaries of any organization.
MODEL OF KATZ AND KAHN
Katz and Kahn developed a model of wider and more complex organization through the application of systems theory and organizational theory. They then compared the potential use of mainstream sociological and psychological organizational analysis, suggesting that the theory of organizations is free of restrictions and limitations previous approaches and use general systems theory.
According to the model proposed by Katz and Kahn, the organization has the following characteristics an open system:
1. Import (inputs) : The organization receives inputs from the environment and need renewed energy supplies other institutions or people, or the material environment. Any social structure is self-sufficient and self-contained.
2. transformation (processing) : Open systems transform the available energy. The organization processes and transform their inputs into finished products, labor, services, etc.
3. export (output) : Open systems export certain products to the environment.
4. systems as cycles of events that are repeated : The operation of any system consists of repeated cycles of import-export-processing.
5. Negative Entropy : Open systems need to move to stop the process to replenish energy entópico maintain indefinitely its organizational structure.
6. information as input: Open systems also receive informational inputs to provide signals to the structure on the environment and the operation in relation to it.
7. Steady state and dynamic homeostasis : In this sense, open systems are characterized by a steady state: there is a continuous flow of energy from the external environment and continued export of the system, however, the exchange ratio energy and the relationship between the parties remain the same.
8. Differentiation : The organization tends to the multiplication and processing functions, which also brings multiplication of roles and internal differentiation.
9. Equifinality : which states that a system may be achieved in various ways, the same final state, starting from different initial conditions.
10. Limits or boundaries : The organization presents barriers between the system and the environment. These define the scope of the system, as well as its degree of openness in relation to the environment.
Source: Prism Organization as an open system.
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