"A social organism resembles a single organism in the following key features:
- In the growth.
- in fact becoming more complex grows.
- The fact that becomes more complex, parts require increasing interdependence.
- Because life is immense compared to the life extension of its component units.
- because in both cases accompanied by increasing integration increasing diversity. "
According to structuralist theory, Taylor, Fayol and Weber used the rational model, focusing on organizations as a closed system. The systems are closed when external variables are isolated and when probabilistic rather than deterministic. A deterministic system is one in which a specific change in one of the variables will produce a particular outcome with certainty. Thus, the system requires that all variables are known and controllable or predictable. According to Fayol organizational efficiency will always prevail if the organizational variables are controlled within certain known limits.
Features organizations as open systems:
organizations have all the characteristics of open systems. Some basic characteristics of the organizations are:
1. behavior and non-deterministic probabilistic of organizations: the organization is affected by the environment and that environment is potentially borderless and includes unknown and uncontrolled variables. The consequences of social systems are probabilistic and nondeterministic. Human behavior is never entirely predictable, because people are complex, responding to different variables. Therefore, the administration can not expect consumers, suppliers, regulators and others, have a predictable behavior.
2. Organizations as part of a larger society and consists of smaller parts : organizations are viewed as systems within systems. Such systems are complex interaction of elements placed on producing a whole that can not be understood by taking the parts independently. Talcott Parsons indicated on the overview, integration, highlighting From the point of view of organization, this was a part of a larger system, taking as its starting point the treatment of the organization as a social system follows the following approach:
- The organization must be treated as a system that is characterized by all the essential properties of any social system.
- The organization should be approached as a functionally differentiated system of a larger social system.
- The organization must be analyzed as a special type of social system organized around the primacy of interest in the achievement of certain types of systematic goal.
- The characteristics of the organization must be defined by the kind of situation where you need to operate, namely the relationship between her and the other subsystems, components of larger system of which party. Just like a society.
1. Interdependence parts: a change in party system affect the other. The internal and external interactions of the system reflect different levels of control and autonomy.
2. Homeostasis or steady state : the organization can reach the steady state, only when two conditions are present, the directionality and progress. The unidirectionality means that although there are changes in the company, the same results or conditions set are met. The progress referred to the desired goal is a degree of progress that is within the limits defined as acceptable. Progress can be improved when the proposed condition is achieved with less effort, greater accuracy for relatively minor effort and under conditions of great variability. The unidirectionality and progress can only be achieved with leadership and commitment.
3. Borders and boundaries : is the line that demarcates what is inside and outside the system. May not be physical. A boundary is a closed line around the selected variables between those with greater exchange (energy, information) with the system. The boundaries vary in permeability, this permeability will define the degree of openness of the system relative to the environment.
4. Morphogenesis : the organizational system, different from other mechanical systems and even biological systems, has the ability to modify its basic structural ways, is identified by Buckley as its main identifying characteristic.
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